Food safety Essay Example for Free

Food safety Essay Food safety is a very essential aspect of maintaining healthy and productive relationships between human beings and the entire environment. It is because it plays a basic role in enhancing good health which is vital in influencing sustainable human activities. Fundamentally, human activities influence their relationships and interactions with the environment. It can be acknowledged that maintaining food safety at all levels ensures good health which in turn guarantees healthy relationships between man and his environment. Human activities have various implications on the entire environment. In deed, they affect the economic, social, environmental and political aspects of the environment. Food safety that is fundamental for good health enables man to relate well with all these aspects of his environment. Food safety: Health To begin with good health enables human beings to work hard and be able to provide for their economic needs. According to Last (1998), when both mentally and physically healthy, individuals tend to be more productive. Increased productivity leads to healthy societies as individuals can be able to cater for their needs and wants. This is made possible by individuals earning enough to attain financial stability. Thus they can be able to pay their bills, spare some for recreation and also be able to save for the future. This is made possible if their health is assured through ensuring food safety. Bronfenbrenner (1979) indicates that excellent health also determines good interpersonal relationships and hence enables populations to acquire social cohesion. In this respect, he argues that healthy individuals are unlikely to be social misfits because they are able to think straight and are also conscious of the societal values which they uphold. Also, health enables one to work and earn an honest living as well as provide enough for his or her family. As such, people become more responsible and dedicated to their lives and this enhances one’s self esteem and personal satisfaction. Generally, Last (1998) asserts that healthy people are able to maintain healthy relationships than their counterparts. Again, this healthy status can only be achieved if the they food they consume is handled in a hygienic manner. With regard to the environment, Ebi, et al. (2005) argues that good health enables individuals to cater for their environment. According to him, healthy individuals are usually able to take timely measures to avoid environmental deterioration in their own simple ways. For instance, they can be able to plant trees, dispose of their wastes in a proper way and perform other functions that enhance environmental conservation. These actions may seem simple yet their contribution to environmental conservation is very significant. In addition, since these individuals have financial stability, they can contribute to environmental conservation missions by donating money (Ebi et al. , 2005). Furthermore, healthy individuals are in position to take sound decisions with regard to environmental conservation. The political stability of a country is also dependent on the health of the individuals. To this end, Bronfenbrenner (1979) argues that healthy and active individuals are less likely to engage in politically unsound behavior. It is worth noting that good health throughout a person’s life also implies that the person’s education and thinking process is rational. Therefore, such individuals are able to make informed, autonomous and democratic decisions with regard to politics. This enables a country to have visionary leaders that are politically mature and therefore enforce policies that are beneficial to the locals. This status can be achieved if food safety is maintained all through a person’s life. Indeed, food safety is a very vital component of our day to day living because of the role it plays in maintaining our health. Without this good health, life can be difficult for most individuals because diseases will be prevalent. Despite this realization, food handling in the US continues to be a major problem and the frequency of food poisoning and food borne illness continues to rise significantly (Last, 1998). This implies that the Food and Drug administration has failed in its duty to protect the health of the citizens. This can also be attributed to the money oriented attitude that our society has assumed. For instance, Andrew (2006) indicates that some butchery workers would rather keep their jobs than identify a slip up in the meat processing process. Further, he asserts that the urge to get food on the markets in a timely manner in order to make huge profits has made business persons overlook the minor but most important aspects of food safety. Therefore, there is need for consumers to take up the responsibility of maintaining good health by practicing the following critical steps that are very important in enhancing food safety and improved health. At a personal level, consumers should be extremely wary of sale offers. If the deal seems too good, it is always recommended to think twice. In most instances, business owners place on sale products that are defective (Andrew, 2006). Therefore, instead of making purchases blindly, consumers should spare time to check the packages properly and even identify the odor of the food. If the odor is bad, Loken (1995) ascertains that such food is not suitable for human consumption. In addition, consumers should put in to consideration the packaging of the food. Usually, food can look very appealing yet if not packed well, the probability that it is infected is so high. According to Watson (2001), well packaged food has a higher probability of being germ free. When purchasing fruits and vegetables, consumers should only buy those that are fresh looking (Loken, 1995). They should avoid fruits or vegetables that have spots or look unhealthy as this is a clear indication of infection. Andrew (2006) notes that hepatitis A is spread through poor handling of fruits and vegetables, specifically by washing the same with contaminated water before they reach the market. He suggests that it is important that consumers keep themselves well informed about any outbreaks and take precaution in a timely manner by adjusting their menu accordingly. According to him, it could be safer to avoid any fruits or vegetables involved in the outbreak than endanger one’s health by consuming contaminated food. At home, fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly and under running water in order to remove all dirt. In cases where fruit and vegetable washers are used, it is essential to adhere to the directions of the manufacturer in order to avoid any possible contamination. When shopping for dry foods, Watson (2001) argues that consumers should check the packaging material to ensure that it is in order. In particular, he explains that the nylon papers used for packaging as well as boxes should be well inspected to ensure that they do not have holes or openings. This is an indication that food is not contaminated as holes or other openings could serve as entrances of insects and generally germs. In addition, consumers should avoid buying dry foods that are infested by insects like weevils. These transmit diseases that are dangerous to human health. In the case of canned foods, Loken (1995) explains that care should be taken to avoid buying any cans that are defective in any way. Specifically, those with punctures or dents should be avoided at all costs as this is an indication that the food is contaminated. Consuming infected canned food can be very fatal as it may contain botulin toxin (Watson, 2001). This has a severe and fatal impact on human health as it causes paralysis. It is also important to check the cans properly on arrival at home as dents can occur during transportation. In such incidents, Andrew (2006) explains that it is better to discard them as this could be an indication of punctures which imply infection. In the home environment, Andrew (2006) points out that it is advisable to clean all surfaces used in food preparation and the kitchen as a whole after the activity. This should be done with an antibacterial cleaner in order to kill all disease causing micro organisms. In addition, the surfaces should be kept dry as wet surfaces, coupled with a warm kitchen environment provides the best conditions for micro organism breeding (Andrew, 2006). When handling meats, Loken (1995) indicates that it is advisable to freeze any that would not be consumed in a few days time. According to him, this goes a long way in avoiding chances of poisoning. In addition, he explains that before cooking any meats, it is important to inspect them fully after thawing in order to identify any signs of spoiling. Further, when cooking meats, the right temperatures should be used in order to kill any existing infectious micro organisms. Failure to do this could lead to fatal poisoning caused by the existing micro organisms (Loken, 1995). After meals, any remaining food should be frozen rather than left open even if it is meant to be used in the next meal. In many cases, persons prefer to leave the left over food from the previous meals intended to be used in the next meal in an open place. It is assumed that the period between meals is short and therefore possibility of contamination is low. However, Watson (2001) indicates that contamination can still occur within any period. The surfaces used when preparing food before cooking should also be easy to clean appropriately. It is notable that most people prefer wooden boards for chopping food and vegetables. However, these are not hygienic enough as they keep germs between the chips. It can be very difficult to clean them appropriately. Therefore, other options found on the market should be used. In cases where a dish washer is available, it should be utilized for washing utensils. Dishwashers have proved to be very effective in killing germs due to their ability to withstand very hot water. Andrew (2006) affirms that in deed, hot water is the cheapest way of killing germs and consequently, dishes washed in very hot water are likely to be germ free. In instances where one opts to dine in the restaurants, the first thing to do should be to choose a decent place. Then, when inside the restaurant, one should take note of the conduct of the staff when serving food as this often gives an insight on the general hygiene of the restaurant. If this is not satisfactory, Last (1998) explains that it is better to avoid eating in the place than risk infection. Particularly, care should be taken before consuming vegetable and fruit salads as they are the most susceptible to contamination. Restaurants on their part should ensure that any food bought is well tested before it is cooked. This is important as it helps avoid chances of cooking infected food. In addition, hospitals should also take the same precautions. Above all, Watson (2001) argues that Agricultural production in itself should be sustainable to avoid contamination at the farm level. According to him, this can be achieved if the chemicals used are suitable for Agricultural production. Harsh chemicals that are risky for human consumption should be avoided at all costs. This will help avoid the incidences of heavy metals in the vegetables and fruits. Traces of heavy metals in food have been known to cause terminal illnesses like cancer (Watson, 2001). This can be avoided if more healthy Agricultural practices are adopted. Conclusion In conclusion, all these safety measures if put in to consideration can have a positive effect on the healthcare of individuals and the society a large. Specifically, these measures are fundamental in avoiding infection as a result of consuming contaminated food. If infection is completely eliminated from food preparation and processing, then the food eaten will be safe and this has a positive impact on the health of individuals. Eating safe foods significantly reduces the incidences of disease and deaths. Since diseases cause a major setback on people’s health, elimination of the same in the society will aid in creating holistic and productive societies.

Managing marketing activities of motorola

Managing marketing activities of motorola Motorola was established in Chicago, as (G.M.C) Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928, with its first product as BATTERY ELIMINATOR. As the company purchased the patents to the automatic radio and developed the privileges of making trade. As trade name used as since the 1930s. Several of Motorolas Products were made in radio related fields .initially they introduced the battery eliminator .they introduced the first walkie-talkie in the world in the period of1940, they started making electronics items related to defense, cellular arrangement equipment, and production of mobile phones. In the year 1943, the company erected its research and development platform with Dan Noble, a developer in FM radio and semiconductor technologies amalgamated with the company as director of research. In the year 1947 it became to public company, many of the changes took place like change of name. logo, production and operational rules in 1955. And at that time Motorola was generally in business of ma king and vending of T.V and receivers (RADIO). In Toronto Motorola released its global subsidiary and they started funding the upcoming and foremost universities. In full swing Motorola developed its R D research test center in Phoenix to research new solid-state technology, Motorola presented the worlds first viable high-power germanium oriented transistor. Motorola traded its first TV trade to Japanese based company PANASONIC. www.motorola.com Organizational Background Motorola. is one of the listed Fortune 100 multinational corporations that largely engages in telecommunications and is grounded in America. It is a solitary market leader in the semiconductor technology group which lists mobile, pagers, semi-conductors, and microprocessors. It has always given a tough competition with its Japanese opponents. The slogan of Motorola is Intelligence Everywhere which depicts that all the areas in the world will be held by intelligent technology if people are with Motorola. In 2008, Motorola Inc. had an aggregate of just about 64,000 staffs and had income of above $ 30 billion approximately. Still however with such great figures, the market portion of mobile field division of Motorola is been diminishing and as on the company is getting into loss. Motorola is recognized for its pioneer results of bulk construction of semi-conductors and many other discoveries in the area of wireless technology which transformed the world of telecommunication, Organizational Setup In the year 2008, there are more than 65,000 staffs working in Motorola worldwide, with revenues generated over 30 billion us dollars. Due to its innovations and internationally recognized product feature, it holds the position of authentic and latest technology products. Motorola is growing and increasing in size due to its RD, and only during the dot-com hype, the company faced huge losses. And currently, due to key competitions in the market and global economic crisis, it is facing a huge loss. Motorola used innovative idea to enter the market. As Motorola has lasted for years, the growth has helped Motorola to fight for challenges of corporate revolutions. Continuous up gradation in the working technique is a part of Motorolas development. . Corporate Objectives Mission Statements and Vision Statements are printed for clients and staffs of businesses. A Mission Statement is defined as a verdict or short article printed by a company or business which imitates its essential task, individuality, code and values of business objectives.. Mission We are a global communications leader powered by a passion to invent and an unceasing commitment to advance the way the world connects. Our communication solutions allow people, businesses and governments to be more connected and more mobile Vision Our history is ironic. Our future is vigorous. Its the Motorola and the passion of discovery is what pushes us. Marketing Objectives Motorola wants to achieve following marketing objectives these are following: To Launch 27 new handsets at the end of 2008. + 7for CDMA + 12 forGSM + 4 for UMTS + 5 for iDEN Delayed delivery links in China and India Achieving rank one in 2010, Escalation the Transactions or sales capacity Escalation the market share Growth of profit COMPETITIVE MARKETING Targeting Strategy The market target of Motorola is for the people in both city and countryside area. The main target is YOUTHS which gets attracts by the following features of Motorola they are price Thin and Fashionable Trendy and Light in use Advanced technological hand sets Segmentation Strategy The main segmentation on which the Motorola focuses on is as follows Age Income Occupation Life style Positioning Strategy Positioning is the procedure by which dealers try to generate an appearance or uniqueness in the field of customer preferences of their marketplace through Symbol and color of the Product. So Motorola positioned its product Positioning strategy on the basis of its Symbol and color The punch line of Motorola is Hello Moto and Intelligence Everywhere. Motorola located itself as a purchaser centralized company. . PEST Analysis According to M,PETTER Pest analysis is mainly carried to know the situation of a company that enhances its surroundings operations with the situation that its faces with government, people, buyers, competitors .to have predictable result of analysis. That let the company to assess its performance. Potential of Geo-Marketing-Tools for the Development of Advanced Political Fiscal policy policy Government policy ,tax policy Economic l selling low price phones with better quality To produce budget oriented product Presentation of valuable variety in the marketplace so the client could have an better reputation in their mind Social Delivering quality product to the customer Giving proposals of offers to shopkeepers retailers and purchaser To deliver a social fashionable brand To Change the customer approaches and attitudes Technological To provide new technological product .that rarely exits in the market To acquire or up bring the technology that gives completion the market To enhance the ease of work in workers point of view by installing technological equipments SWOT Analysis Internal factor STRENGTH Their passion to invent and guide the market by introducing new technology. The officials of Motorola were broad- minded to modify and reacted appropriately towards challenges. It got a lot of most important acquisitions, business alliances and mergers with major companies in the market which made Motorola a major threat to other competitor. WEAKNESS The customers were unsatisfied as the customer service was poor and they were not delivering after sales service and in mobile handsets The devices developed by Motorola had many defects in them as they were newly introduced in the market which made an image of being inefficient and lacking by a strategy. The staffs of Motorola required more training compared to other rivalries, along with their old management technics and this factor are important in the operation of the company. External factor OPPURTUNITIES As Motorola could engage itself in observing its opponents to gather information of their activities and to implement far better ideas. Motorola could engage itself in strategy like mergers, acquisition. Trend of technology To outsource new products that will enhance it competitor to go hard on them Threats Motorola has faced many problems in the business of telecommunication that enhanced its rivarlys to follows new ideas and technology that Motorola used in delay Motorola also faced many challenge in technical failure ,although quite few In numbers . but the faults. Handset problems is continue to be existing at present. The major threats for Motorola in U.K market is blackberry, nokia , Samsung, still its competitors grow enough better than giving error free handsets than Motorola. Evaluation of five forces. Threat of substitute Goods can be seen as the excellence of semiconductors retains shifting regularly. It gets slighter, inexpensive or nearer. The value and the operation fluctuates in from time to time therefore the value can fall nearly 45 to 55 percent Moreover, the mobile industry is so compact and hard, that publics are flowing to auxiliary products due to operation value and space. The danger of innovative contestants always occurs in the marketplace for any manufacturing company but precisely for Motorola, new competitors like Apple, Samsung and other businesses which were leading the deals in electronics have now entered the mobile phone category to compete with Motorola. Therefore, increase in new competitors and the pressure of existing competitors has reduced the market share of Motorola in all the product categories. The bargaining power of consumers is strong as the market is consumer driven and since Motorola is not a mono corporate, the consumers do have strong bargaining power as they mi ght shift to the competitors. The bargaining power of suppliers is very less in the case of Motorola as it has created a strong and robust operation system with its suppliers globally over the Internet. In order to reduce costs and at the same time increase productivity, Motorola had to reduce the time border and the efforts required to negotiate with the suppliers, organize the process and to increase efficiency while saving cos. The dealers were connected with Motorola over the Internet and various functions like bidding, negotiating, and buying can be done between the suppliers. Motorola also issued awards towards the suppliers for their efforts and excellent service which created competition amongst suppliers (Informs, 2005).. Evaluation of Marketing Mix The 4 Ps of Motorola Company are as follows. Product For a fruitful marketing mix, crafting the invention affording to the requirements always plays an major concern. The main goods of Motorola include handsets, where the technological variations always occurs normally with concern to its competitors by allowing changes in audio,videos,wi fi connection , and to deliver answers to productions, operations, and administration Price The attention of the customer to the produce their willingness to buy the product mainly depend on the price charging more than reasonable price will not impress consumer and cheap rates will be believed durable quality products. Typically in the telecommunication segment, the costs are indirectly connected with the product life cycle.so in the starting stage, rates are normally high in the marketplace and there is no straight rivalry. So to scan the market and insure u the Study and Expansion charge which allows reducing in price to capture market during second stage, publicity proposals are additional to upsurge the auctions. And during weakening period, the installation of new equipment is made as its beneficiary place Delivery is very significant as it should be suitable for the customer to enter it and. Motorola has numerous suppliers everywhere in the globe which form the average of sellers for the clients. As even in many country selecting the place plays an important role to attract the customer. Promotion Motorola achieves both directly above the mark and directly below the mark procedures of publicity. The kind of promotion mix straightly rest on on the product life cycle. During the development point the flow of money is condensed but not fully. During maturity period, the monetary amount for promotion is increased. During the weakening phase promotions like proposals and reductions are presented. Evaluation of customer preferences Delivering finest result to the Customer is very significant as the customers mainly assume advanced alleged welfares and moderately less rates. Although Motorola engages large number of customer competitors and wealthy in the invention group of phones.so its very much important for the company to think that which segment will be best for them while bringing the customer in the market to purchase their commodity instead of buying from their rivalry casual segment and corporate Segment. The supplies and the prospects of both these sections differ extensively from each other and the customer value depends on the segment. The casual segment contains consumers of both genders, age ,group people who use the mobile phone for steady usage like calling, messaging, listening to music, taking photographs, etc. customer use in towards the point of view is far better from wats it was in old days as there was rare existing market group that accumulate the company to use different marketing Strategy as accompanied by their competitors they often tend to analyze what their tatse and consumer preferences should be .therfore consumer preferences should be evaluated through the policys keeping in mind whether what suites the best . that the customer demands .even though in include the company to concern its major services in finding of what is the needed requirement of customer globally. Conclusion Motorola Inc. has a history over periods and was on one occasion a market groundbreaker in its corporate world .which was determined by its innovative ideas to cover the market by its trust worthy products that enhanced a turn in the field of telecommunication which made a pillar hard like structure in the corporate world of information and technology that allowed it to be always a motivational ideal for its. As because of many factors that include various points during the tactical process of company in concluding hard toward lead in its business. Moreover, earlier Motorola was able to, but now Motorola is finding it tough to challenge rivals like LG, S.Erickson, APPLE.. This is because it follows its old tradition nal trends in the markets . which the customers dont like in todays world to come up with. As well as with in its outdated technique to improvise a short term plans,

Contemporary Art Essays -- Post-Modernity Post Modernity

Contemporary Art: Dealing with Post-Modernity − †Art worlds consist of all the people whose activities are necessary to the production of the characteristic works which that world, and perhaps others as well, define as art. †¦ By observing how an art world makes those distinctions rather than trying to make them ourselves we can understand much of what goes on in that world.... The basic unit of analysis, then, is an art world.† - Howard Becker (Art Worlds) Postmodernism deconstructs Modernism like Modernism deconstructed art Like the Simpson's episode that explained Po-Mo as â€Å"weird for the sake of weird†, Postmodernism accepted the philosophy â€Å"art for the sake of art†. A very free and democratic practice, a natural response to the inhibiting Modernist intelligentsia. So radical is this notion that it was banned in China during the Mao rule. Art after Modernism became free to reference anything or nothing at all. It no longer needed a meaning or idea. It does not mean, however, that Postmodernism itself is free of Ideology. It is a reaction to Modernism. It analyses and comments on it. Postmodernism rejects meta-narratives of history, culture, and national identity that were present in Modernist art. It rejects totalizing theories that are to explain the way people act and the way the universe works, like the Freudian or Marxist views that science can explain society. It rejects the concept of cultural unity, of equality, and the view that one person can speak on behalf of humanity. Postmodernist art is skeptical of late capitalism and the technological industrial progression. It critiques the concept of â€Å"individualism†, and encourages people to consider multiple identities. It embraces the concept of mul... ... the linear narrative of art history. Works Cited: Baudillard, Jean. â€Å"The Precession of Simulacra†. Translated by Paul Foss and Paul Patton. New York: 1983. Danto, Arthur. â€Å"The Journal of Philosophy†. Vol. 61, No. 19. American Philosophical Association Eastern Division Sixty-First Annual Meeting. (Oct. 15, 1964). pp. 571- 584. Accessed online, 05/10/08. Howard Becker. â€Å"Art Worlds†. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Press, 1982 Irvine, Martin. â€Å"Lectures, Essays, and Seminar Notes†. Georgetown University. Accessed online, 05/11/08. Jameson, Frederick. "Marxism and the Historicity of Theory." New Literary History Accessed online, 05/12/08. /StructuralistMarxism/Jameson/Jameson.htm>

Childrens Story Puss in Boots :: Child Literature Fairy Tales Puss Boots Essays

Children's Story Puss in Boots A close examination of the tale type 545-b (according to Aarne and Thompson) (1) reveals a well known, almost universal tale of man and animal helper. There are many consistencies between western tradition and Central Asian renditions. Several themes are parallel yet cultural influences vary some of the plot details. The political and social structures of the time in which these stories were told shape these details and lays the background for the story. The most significant difference between western versions and those of Central Asia seems to be which animal plays the role of hero, cat or fox. The story of â€Å"Puss In Boots† is a children’s favorite. It is one of Charles Perrault’s most well known fairy tales. The tale originated from oral tradition in the East. It has undergone many changes over a long time period and a wide geographic area. Today many literary adaptations of this famous story fill classrooms, libraries and children’s bookshelves world-wide. â€Å"Versions with a cat as a protagonist are predominantly found in Western Europe...† (2) However, the historical renditions of the tale as well as many modern adaptations have a fox as the protagonist. It was the arrival of the tale to Southwestern Europe that saw the character change to a feline. According to Marianthi Kaplanoglou, in Central Asian tales, specifically Mongolian, Tibetan, and Alti-Turkish, the animal-helper is a fox. The fox is known in myths and tales from China, Korea, and Japan as a mythical creature. They are often associated with Mangus, a typical demon of Central Asian tales. He or his relatives are able to transform into foxes at any given time. According to tradition, a poor hunter spares the life of a fox, who repays the favor by helping the man. The animal , either fox or cat, introduces the young man as a person of wealth who was robbed by highway men. He captures animals and presents them to the ruler. The fox then arranges for the wedding of the man to the rulers’ daughter. The tale continues with the fox killing the owner of a large fortune. This owner is usually Mangus . In this tale, the fox proves beneficial to the man and therefore becomes an adversary of Mangus. The killing of this supernatural being then becomes a just act rather tha n one of maliciousness. The young man has acquired fortune, married the daughter of a person of great wealth and power.

Mischels Greenhouse :: Creative Writing Story

Mischels Greenhouse While working at the brand new Mischels Greenhouse I found out it was different from any other job I ever had. It was one of the most responsible jobs so far of my life. Four thousand lives were almost totally in my exchange sisters, Tanya, and my hands. By us watering them daily. Because it was so hot out-side, the greenhouse was stifling. Watering mums was a very tedious job be-cause it was repetitious. I started daily at 9 A.M. my whole day consisted of taking care of Forty thousand mums. They sat on top of many benchtops collecting sun and, heat rays waiting for us to water them. After watering them, John, (My boss), would go behind me and pull flowers. Which means picking out the best plants. Then Tanya and I would pick them up and put them on a rack 5x5 and then shrink wrap them. Shrink-wrapping was mainly my job throughout the day. I would load an 8 foot tall rack then I would wrap the rack full of mums so the mums would not fall off. Then I would take the palette jack and pick up therack, and load it into the Ford truck. Loading is hard because I have to make sure they go all the way to the back and to the side of the truck. It can't be one inch off otherwise it could hurt the plants (They could rub together) and the racks wouldn't fit side by side. It's a endless cycle, day after day, until all the mums are gone. When the mums are all gone, it's a glorious feel of relief. All the benches had to be cleaned to get ready for poinsettias. Tanya went back to Belarus to live with her real family so I asked my friends if any of them wanted to help and only one said yes. I told my boss and a week later my friend was working with me It was my job to "show him the ropes" with the poinsettias. After he got the hang of things it was smooth sailing, to load poinsetias. We did everything the same as the mums except we put eight plants in

How Far Should a State Have a Right to Monitor the Actions of People Within Its Borders?

The state should monitor the actions of people within its borders if such actions pose a threat to the national security. A nation's security is of an utmost importance to a country as it ensures the survivability of a country. It is with this reason that the government should have a right to monitor the actions of the people within its borders. This refers to individuals who engage in terrorist activities with the aim of conducting terrorist attacks in the country to instill fear in others. E. g. In Singapore, the government monitored the actions of Mas Selamat when the police received tip off of his plan to bomb the Singapore Changi Airport in 2002, where he was eventually arrested. The state should have a right to monitor the actions of the people within its borders, especially during stressful times such as war; as long as its monitoring does not result in the violation of human rights. Possessing the highest power, the state has jurisdiction in virtually all areas that society h as to deal with. Hence, it does have the right to monitor the actions of people. In times of war, famine, disease and violent acts will arise. In such times, the general public is unable to control and detain the situation, thus requiring the intervention of a higher power. For example, the state should have the right to implement a curfew during a war. This helps keep the people safe and reduces the chance of a violent protest or riot that may result in more deaths. Eg: During the 2010 clash between the red shirts and the yellow shirts in Thailand, the state intervened and imposed a curfew to monitor the actions of the Thais. This action has prevented more deaths and kept the people safe. Thus, the state should intervene in times of war to help control the situation. Government should not have the right to monitor actions of people when it comes to choosing one's life partner. Individuals should be given the freedom to decide with whom they would want to spend the rest of their lives with. If the government were to interfere in this issue, it would go against the basic human rights of freedom of choice. However, the state should not intervene when it violates human rights. The purpose of the state monitoring is to benefit the people; however when the state crosses the line and invades the privacy of people, this right should be revoked. Eg: the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in America has the authority to monitor anyone without the person legally consenting to it. This has resulted in the unhappiness of Americans and resulting in Americans losing faith in their legal system. Thus, the state should have a right to monitor the actions of people when in dire situations such as war but not at the expense of the privacy of people.

Society & the Mental Health of Women

The gender roles placed on women are far more harmful than they seem.   Women are expected to have communal traits whereas men are expected to be agentic.   Communal traits are things that maintain strong relationships like being nurturing or compassionate, and polite.   Men are generally expected to be assertive and competitive (White, pg 58).   When these gender roles are violated society tends to discriminate.   In the work place, when a woman is especially assertive she is often referred to as a bitch or masculine because others believe she is â€Å"not very feminine† but if a man were to do the same he would simply be seen as a go-getter (White, pg 59). This is a Western society norm, and it obviously puts women at a serious disadvantage professionally, because in order for her to achieve success as defined by society she must maintain relationships and not sacrifice them for advances in her career.   As a result, women hold lower positions, don’t get paid as much as men, and don’t get as many promotions.   This prejudice is the core cause to mental health problems for women, as well as an inherent trait of western society. At every level of education, it has been proven that women make less than men (Judith, 52).   Women are less likely to ask for raises because they don’t like to self-promote, and they also don’t want to create any animosity between her and her supervisor which would violate her role as a woman.   As a result of these professional setbacks women tend to be in lower economic classes.   Anyone with financial problems is at a higher risk for depression, but women have lower paying jobs, so they are more liable (Judith, 52).   Poverty definitely plays a big part in the development of depression, among other disorders.   Not having enough money to eat is severe stress and not having enough money to feed your children is twice as bad. One major problem in society that is mentally affecting our women is this culture of thinness.   There is an immense amount of pressure placed on women to be attractive and thin through the media and the stick-thin models regularly gracing magazine covers.   As a result, women are more likely to develop eating disorders.   Anorexia, an eating disorder that involves drastic fasting, and Bulimia, which consists of binge eating followed by any compensatory behavior, are virtually nonexistent in men (White, pg 62). Both of these disorders lead to serious health problems but anorexia ultimately leads to death by starvation.   It is thought that these disorders are caused by a perceived lack of control in their lives; which is balanced by these women having complete control over their looks.   Discrimination against unattractive or overweight women is an unspoken prejudice.   This epidemic of attaining physical perfection is actually an unnecessary and harmful setback for women. Women are more likely to seek therapy (Judith, 52).   There is an over-diagnosis of women and an under-diagnosis of men.   General discrimination towards women is that communal traits aren’t as valued as physical strength, which can lead to depression.   House work creates sense of never having leisure time, it provides no emotional reward and an isolation factor.   Emphasis on physical appearance, body image eating disorders, lack of control over appearance leads to depression.   Gender roles, since women are expected to be communal their relationships can lead to depression because there is more pressure on them to have good relationships, so when the relationships are unsuccessful, they tend to blame themselves. In the text book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Gender, author Jacuelyn W. White discusses the cultural differences between men and women.   She argues that men and women live in entirely two separate worlds and likens the contrasting relationship between they have to that of a difference between two culture.   The requirements society places on this underlying female culture is the core cause of violence against women, such as rape sexual harassment and physical abuse (White, pg 58).   Western society designates women into an objectified position. They are seen as objects of sexual obsession, and a reward of male agentic interaction, but they are not seen as equal within male culture.   Oddly enough, within female culture, mainstream success is based on beauty, politeness and being conductors of societal interaction.   This is often the reason why the common saying is made that, if women ruled the world, war would no longer exist. In her book, Women’s Lives, Judeth Bridges analyzes dysfunctional female mental health.   She points out that girls and women account for 95 percent of cases of anorexia nervosa (Judith, 52).   One to four percent of all female adolescents and young adults suffer from the disorder (Judith, 52). Women are two to three times more likely to experience depression over their lifetime.   Women are also more likely to attempt suicide. Anorexia nervosa, and Bulimia are diseases, but they can both be seen as the direct result of personality disorders formed by women in reaction to societal confines.   The influences these societal confines have on the mental health of women is undeniable, but these societal prejudices are also being combated through contemporary film. The heroine in cinema has come a long way since the origin of film.   It can be argued that this is a directly relative to societal changes.   The performing arts have evolved from not allowing blacks, or women to perform, to having minorities in lead roles where they play everyman/woman characters.   From the villainously empowering days of the Femme fatale, to the current science fiction roles in which women save the world without any male assistance, the female in cinema is on the verge of equal empowerment. This is most true of those female celebrities who have established themselves as capable to play a broad range of roles.   Actresses like Angelina Jolie, Demi Moor and Sigourney Weaver play everything from action adventure heroines to pregnant mothers.   These women have contributed to the tradition of changing societal expectations of women through film.   One of the key films that plays on the cultural differences between men and women, while at the same time honestly depicts them is the film The Terminator, directed by James Cameron. The Terminator launched the career of, at the time, professional body builder and current governor Arnold Schwarzenegger; but more importantly, it is the quintessential science-fiction film. A young woman, by the name of Sarah Connor is hunted down by a cybernetic killer, who has traveled back in time from the year 2029.   In the future war between the Robots and humans, it is prophesied that Sarah Connor will give birth to the man who will save the human race. Thus, through her carrying out her motherly duty she becomes the hero of the film.   The twist on societal norms resides in the fact that Sarah Connor is also heralded as a great military hero in the future. These are ideals very common of the feminist empowerment movement.   Sarah maintains her social status as a female, while at the same time, she embodies all of the agentic qualities necessary to be a heroic soldier.   Though Connor is a soldier, she is also a woman who needs love, and by nature she feels the urge to love and mother a child.   In the beginning of the film, Sarah Connor is sensitive and weak. As the film progresses, her character becomes more confident and assertive.   The scene where Reese, her protector and love interest, teaches her how to make a pipe bomb from household products is an example of her learning the competitive tactics of men, and the point of her initial crossover into the role of the great soldier she is destined to become.   Connor in essence is presented as the last hope for the human race.   It is the triangular relationship between the Terminator, Connor and Reese that makes the most significant statement with regards to the contrast between male and female culture. Reese initially is sent back to protect Sarah Connor. Unbeknownst to either of them, he will eventually become the biological father of the baby he is sent to protect.   Reese is still a mortal, and continuously reminded of this fact when confronting the Terminator.   Sarah Connor is mortal, but she is also a great war hero fulfilling a prophecy. Sarah Connor’s character is empowered in this film and Reese is actually effeminized; by this, I mean that Reese is actually the weaker of the two. In the greatest measure of manliness against the ultimate destroying machine, Connor manages to surpass this benchmark; and in the end, she is the one who kills the Terminator. Whereas Reese, her supposed male protector, dies and fails where Sarah succeeds.   In the end, the only purpose he served was to produce offspring.   The man and the woman switch roles in this way, and an ironic yet empowering message is relayed to the audience.   Through film, the ideal that men and women are equal becomes more than just a neglected notion. In sum, societal expectations can be identified as the core cause to mental health problems in most women.   This can be seen in their inclination towards eating disorders, depression, and suicide attempts.   Though some of these ideals are being combated, women are still dying trying to fit into size zeros; they are forming social anxiety disorders that result in the increase of plastic surgery, excessively more expensive fashionable retail, and overall unrealistic expectations applied to women.   Advancements in mental health for women starts with adjustments to the prevalent ideals inherent in western society. Work Cited Belton, John. American Cinema/American Culture. New York: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and New York Center for Visual History, 1994. Bridges, Judith, and Claire A. Etaugh. Women's Lives. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. 51-53. Russ, Joanna. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies ; Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer, 1979), p. 71. Sociology of motherhood.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Jan 2007, 11:29 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 23 Apr 2007 . White, Jacquelyn W. Taking Sides. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Dubuque: McGraw-Hills Company, 2007. 1-396.